The Holocaust (also known as the Shoah, or "catastrophe") was the genocide of approximately six million European Jews during World War II (approximately two-thirds of the nine million Jews who had resided in Europe before the Holocaust), and five to eleven million non-Jews, including Romani, communists, Soviet prisoners of war, Polish and Soviet civilians, homosexuals, people with disabilities, Jehovah's Witnesses and other political and religious "opponents" of the Nazi regime, of German and non-German ethnic origin, alike. (Source: Wikipedia: The Holocaust)
I am fairly knowledgeable about the subject, but recently I read (and in some cases, re-read) several pieces about the role and fate of blacks during the Holocaust. I started by perusing the US Holocaust Memorial Museum's Holocaust Enyclopedia article titled: "Blacks During the Holocaust"; the Wikipedia articles: "The Holocaust: Non-Jewish: Persons of Color, "Black People in Nazi Germany", and "Racial Policy of Nazi Germany: Other non-Aryans"; and several related resources. In doing so, I came across several names and photographs that many might find unfamiliar.
For example, did you know about these black prisoners of the Nazis?
- Valaida Snow (June 2, 1904[1] – May 30, 1956), was an African-American jazz musician and entertainer.
- Jean ("Johnny") Voste - born in Belgian Congo, Voste was the only black prisoner in Dachau.
- Josef Nassy (1904-1976) was a black expatriate American artist of Jewish descent. Nassy was living in Belgium when World War II began, and was one of about 2,000 civilians holding American passports who were confined in German internment camps during the war.
Throughout his three-year imprisonment, Nassy created a unique visual diary of more than 200 paintings and drawings. Many of these works depict daily life in the internment camps. Rules of the Geneva Conventions governed conditions in civilian internment camps, including Laufen and Tittmoning in Nazi Germany where Nassy was confined from 1942 to 1945. Such rules did not apply at the nearby Dachau concentration camp and other camps across German-occupied Europe. There, prisoners were brutally exploited for forced labor, and many died from exhaustion, starvation, and other harsh conditions.
For those interested in learning more, I've included links to some useful resources below.